Docker学习

本文最后更新于：2 个月前

Docker学习

尚硅谷3小时速通Docker教程，雷神带练docker部署到实战

Docker Docs

Docker - 快速通关 （3h） (yuque.com)

一、基础

1. 认识Docker

Screenshot_2024-06-04-13-22-55-815_tv.danmaku.bili

image-20240604225111233

2. 安装Docker

参考文档：Install Docker Engine on CentOS | Docker Docs

2.1 卸载旧版本

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sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

2.2 安装

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sudo yum install -y yum-utils
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# sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
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sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

2.3 启动

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sudo systemctl start docker

# 启动docker
systemctl start docker.service
# 开机自启
systemctl enable docker.service 
# 重启
systemctl restart docker.service

配置docker镜像加速

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sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
 "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}

或者

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sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
 "registry-mirrors": ["https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"]
}
EOF
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

二、命令

1. 镜像操作

Docker Hub Container Image Library | App Containerization

1.1 下载镜像(image)

镜像名:标签(版本)

  • 检索：docker search 镜像名

image-20240604230048976

  • 下载：docker pull 镜像名

示例：

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docker pull nginx
docker pull nginx:latest
docker pull nginx:stable-alpine3.19-perl

image-20240604234354211

  • 列表：docker images / docker image ls
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        latest    e784f4560448   4 weeks ago   188MB
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        latest    e784f4560448   4 weeks ago   188MB
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]#

image-20240604230211334

  • 删除：docker rmi 镜像名

1.2 启动容器(container)

  • 运行：docker run
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# 创建并运行一个容器，处于运行状态。(前台运行)
docker run nginx
# 参数说明
docker run --name [容器名] -p 宿主机端口号:容器内部端口号 -d [镜像名称]
docker run -d --name stock_app -p 80:80 nginx

image-20240605000341887

  • 查看：docker ps
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# 查看运行中容器
docker ps
# 查看所有容器
docker ps -a
# 查看所有容器ID(CONTAINER ID)
docker ps -aq
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED       STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
d76bb85c0461   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 hours ago   Up 7 hours   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   stock_app
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED       STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
d76bb85c0461   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 hours ago   Up 7 hours   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   stock_app
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker ps -aq
d76bb85c0461
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]#
  • 停止：docker stop
  • 启动：docker start
  • 重启：docker restart
  • 状态：docker stats
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker stats
CONTAINER ID   NAME        CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O           BLOCK I/O     PIDS
d76bb85c0461   stock_app   0.00%     5.285MiB / 3.523GiB   0.15%     28.5MB / 28.6MB   3.47MB / 0B   3

  • 日志：docker logs
  • 进入：docker exec
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker exec -it stock_app /bin/bash
root@d76bb85c0461:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  docker-entrypoint.d  docker-entrypoint.sh  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@d76bb85c0461:/# 
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# 简写
docker exec -it stock_app bash
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nginx容器内部默认路径：
静态页面路径：/usr/share/nginx/html
配置文件路径：/etc/nginx
  • 删除：docker rm
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED       STATUS       PORTS                               NAMES
d76bb85c0461   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 hours ago   Up 7 hours   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   stock_app
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# 
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# 删除停止状态的容器：
docker rm d76bb85c0461 / docker rm stock_app
# 强制删除容器（包括运行中的容器）：
docker rm -f d76bb85c0461
# 批量删除容器
docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)

1.3 修改页面

1.4 保存镜像

image-20240605001320049

  • 提交：docker commit
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        latest    e784f4560448   4 weeks ago   188MB
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# 
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker commit --help

Usage:  docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Create a new image from a container's changes

Aliases:
  docker container commit, docker commit

Options:
  -a, --author string    Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
  -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
  -m, --message string   Commit message
  -p, --pause            Pause container during commit (default true)
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# 
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker commit -m "update nginx page" stock_app stock_app:v1.0
  • 保存：docker save
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker save --help

Usage:  docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)

Aliases:
  docker image save, docker save

Options:
  -o, --output string   Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# 
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker save -o stock_app.tar stock_app:v1.0
  • 加载：docker load
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker load --help

Usage:  docker load [OPTIONS]

Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN

Aliases:
  docker image load, docker load

Options:
  -i, --input string   Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
  -q, --quiet          Suppress the load output
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# 
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker load -i stock_app.tar

1.5 分享社区

Docker Hub

  • 登录：docker login
  • 命名：docker tag
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker tag --help

Usage:  docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]

Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

Aliases:
  docker image tag, docker tag
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# 
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker tag stock_app:v1.0 xxx/stock_app:v1.0
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker images
  • 推送：docker push
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker push --help

Usage:  docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]

Upload an image to a registry

Aliases:
  docker image push, docker push

Options:
  -a, --all-tags                Push all tags of an image to the repository
      --disable-content-trust   Skip image signing (default true)
  -q, --quiet                   Suppress verbose output
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# 
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker push xxx/stock_app:v1.0
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# 生成默认版本
docker tag xxx/stock_app:v1.0 xxx/stock_app:latest
docker push xxx/stock_app:latest

2. 容器操作

  • 运行：docker run
  • 查看：docker ps
  • 停止：docker stop
  • 启动：docker start
  • 重启：docker restart
  • 状态：docker stats
  • 日志：docker logs
  • 进入：docker exec
  • 删除：docker rm

image-20240605003232402

三、存储

1. 目录挂载

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# 目录挂载：
-v /app/nghtml:/usr/share/nginx/html
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# 示例 宿主机端口号:容器内部端口号
# -d 保持后台运行
# --name 设置容器名称
# -p 端口映射，宿主机端口:容器内部端口
# -v 目录挂载，宿主机文件夹:容器内部文件夹 
docker run -d --name stock_app -p 80:80 -v /home/ruoyi/stock_app/dist:/usr/share/nginx/html  nginx

image-20240605004310652

2. 卷挂载

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# 卷挂载
# ngconf 卷名称
-v ngconf:/etc/nginx
# 卷路径：
/var/lib/docker/volumes/<volume-name>
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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker run -d -p 80:80 -v /home/ruoyi/stock_app/dist:/usr/share/nginx/html -v ngconf:/etc/nginx --name stock_app nginx
aebba039eb32e8c5030ea0e4dc07277ccdfdcc3c92fe8d9376a3c3c35fb89d7a
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# 
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
aebba039eb32   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   25 seconds ago   Up 24 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   stock_app
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# 
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ volumes]# ls
backingFsBlockDev  metadata.db  ngconf
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ volumes]# 
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ _data]# pwd
/var/lib/docker/volumes/ngconf/_data
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ _data]# ls
conf.d  fastcgi_params  mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ _data]# 
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ _data]# 
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# 查看卷
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     ngconf
# 创建卷
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker volume create temp
temp
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     ngconf
local     temp
# 查看卷路径
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]# docker volume inspect ngconf 
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2024-06-05T00:54:05+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/ngconf/_data",
        "Name": "ngconf",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ ~]#

image-20240605011157790

nginx配置文件示例：

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[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ _data]# cat nginx.conf 

user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
                root  /home/ruoyi/stock_app/dist;
                try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        location /prod-api/ {
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8081/;
        }               
    }
}
[root@iZ2zeb7ybli3zzdll6airpZ _data]#

四、网络

五、其他

Linux
#技术 #Linux #Docker
Docker学习
https://chris-z-su.github.io/2024/06/04/技术/Docker学习/
作者
Chris
发布于
2024年6月4日
许可协议